RESUMO
Bird Richness of Pantanos de Villa wildlife refugee, Chorrillos, Lima, Peru was documented, aperiodically between November 2004 to August 2007 employing 10 surveys by visual detection. The avian richness was 58 species, belonging to 47 genera, 26 families and 12 orders. Jacknife of first and second order and Chao-1 estimators of species richness indicated that could be registered at least 25, 43 and 56 more species and could be detected 69.8, 57.4 and 50.8 percent, respectively, of possible species that can occur in the study zone. The highest species richness and the higher value of Shannon index were recorded in August 2006 and in September 2006, respectively. November 2004, March 2005 and June 2007 censuses showed the lowest similarities of bird species according to Morisita-Horn and Sörensen indexes. By their seasonality, 36 species were residents, 6 local migratory, 3 Andean migratory and 16 continental migratory. Out of the species registered 2 were considered in danger, 1 vulnerable and 1 nearly threatened. Eight species were more frequent and abundant: Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Humboldt, 1805) (Phalacrocoracidae) (20.3 percent), Leucophaeus pipixcans (Wagler, 1831) (Laridae) (14.9 percent) Egretta thula (Molina, 1782) (Ardeidae) (12.7 percent), Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus (Vieollot, 1818) (Laridae) (9.8 percent), Ardea alba (Linnaeus, 1758) (Ardeidae) (5.6 percent), Fulica ardesiaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (Rallidae) (4.5 percent), Coragyps atratus (Beichstein, 1793) (Cathartidae) (3.7 percent) and Gallinula chloropus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Rallidae) (2.5 percent) representing 74 percent of total bird diversity.
Se documenta la riqueza de aves del refugio de vida silvestre Pantanos de Villa, Chorrillos, Lima, Perú aperiódicamente entre noviembre del 2004 a agosto del 2007 mediante 10 censos por detección visual. La riqueza avifaunistica fue de 58 especies, pertenecientes a 47 géneros y 26 familias y 12 órdenes. Los estimadores Jacknife de primer orden, de segundo orden y Chao-1 de la riqueza de especies indican que pueden registrarse al menos 25, 43 y 56 especies más y que se logró detectar el 69,8, 57,4 y 50,8 por ciento, respectivamente de las especies posibles a ocurrir en la zona de estudio. La mayor riqueza de especies se encontró en agosto del 2006 y el mayor valor del Índice de Shannon se encontró en septiembre del 2006. Los censos de noviembre del 2004, marzo del 2005 y junio del 2007 presentaron las más bajas similaridades de especies de aves según los índices de Morisita-Horn y de Sörensen. Por su estacionalidad, 36 especies son residentes, 6 son migratorias locales, 3 son migratorias andinas y 16 son migratorias continentales. De las especies registradas 2 se encuentran en peligro, 1 es vulnerable y 1 en casi amenazado. Las especies más frecuentes y abundantes fueron ocho: Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Humboldt, 1805) (Phalacrocoracidae) (20,3 por ciento), Leucophaeus pipixcans (Wagler, 1831) (Laridae) (14,9 por ciento) Egretta thula (Molina, 1782) (Ardeidae) (12,7 por ciento), Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus (Vieollot, 1818) (Laridae) (9,8 por ciento), Ardea alba (Linnaeus, 1758) (Ardeidae) (5,6 por ciento), Fulica ardesiaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (Rallidae) (4,5 por ciento), Coragyps atratus (Beichstein, 1793) (Cathartidae) (3,7 por ciento) y Gallinula chloropus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Rallidae) (2,5 por ciento) que representan el 74 por ciento de la diversidad total de aves.
RESUMO
A recent review of student asthma rates and environmental audits of school buildings suggests that schools with poor indoor air quality have higher-than-average rates of asthma. Many Boston Public School (BPS) children and staff are learning and working in poor indoor environmental conditions that not only can exacerbate asthma, but also lead to other problems ranging from allergies and sinus infections to adverse academic performance [1]. The Boston Urban Asthma Coalition (BUAC) conducted a preliminary analysis of 2004-05 childhood asthma rates for BPS students and compared them to the 2004-05 environmental audits of the top 10 schools with environmental problems. This analysis suggests that schools with the highest rates of leaks, mold, and pest infestations also have higher-than-average asthma rates for children.
